While electrical repulsion repels protons away from each other, the attracting nuclear force is much stronger than electrical repulsion. Electrical attraction holds electrons and protons. Protons and neutrons are held together by the strong and weak nuclear forces. The components of an atom are held together by three forces.Usually, we only know a new atom was created by identifying the smaller atoms from this decay. However, these new atoms (elements) are unstable and decay into smaller atoms instantaneously. The first new atom made by man was technetium, which has 43 protons. New atoms can be made by adding more protons to an atomic nucleus. About 92 of them occur naturally, while the remainder are made in labs. There are over 100 different kinds of atoms.
Although the nucleus is much denser compared with the rest of the atom, it too consists mainly of empty space. If the atom was the size of a sports arena, the nucleus would be the size of a pea. Electrons contribute very little mass to the atom (it takes 1,836 electrons to equal the size of a proton) and orbit so far away from the nucleus that each atom is 99.9% empty space. The nucleus of an atom is extremely dense and contains nearly all of the mass of each atom. For example, all hydrogen atoms have one proton while all carbon atoms have six protons. Some matter consists of one type of atom (e.g., gold), while other matter is made of atoms bonded together to form compounds (e.g., sodium chloride). Each element contains a different number of protons.
Negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus. Protons have a positive electrical charge and are found together with neutrons (no electrical charge) in the nucleus of each atom.
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